环境和康复

Environment and rehabilitation

人类的工作和行为必然与环境相关,环境是人类全部活动的一部分,环境是人们通过活动达到目的的途径。如果个人活动不适应人类的生存环境,它将不会长久存在。反之,如果不断关注与自己相关的环境,将会更加容易地达到活动的目的。环境在康复领域中的影响,很早就被关注到。康复中的环境包含了人类个体外在的全部因素,其分类方式较多。在康复评定中,针对环境有部分常用的评定方法。在康复治疗中,通过环境干预可以治疗疾病。

The theme of environment and rehabil itation is always discussed in many references.Different rehabilitat ion doctors or therapists may have di fferent opinions about the detailed components in environment.However they share one idea:the environment is one of th e most important factors in human system and rehabilitation therapy.Human tasks and behavior have to com-bine with environment,which is a large container that includes every activity of performance.Environment is the means that goals can be achieved by the activities.An activity cannot exis t long if it is not suitable to the envi ronment of human beings.On the contrary,if people do care about the environment in their lives,it is easier for them t o achieve the tasks.During the past t wo decades,tremendous developments a nd achievements of environmental th e-ory in rehabilitation therapy have o ccurred.The importance of the envir on-ment as a way of influencing behavior and the use of the environment as an intervention modality has also been increasingly emphasized.There are,however,still some other issues about environment in rehabilitation need to be clearly elaborated,such as how to define and classify the environment in rehabilitation area?What are the ma in evaluation methods of environmen t available in the field of rehabilita tion?What is the realistic situatio n of en-vironment intervention in the treatment of rehabilitation?This review ex-plored the relationship of environm ent and rehabilitation,and reviewe d the concept and categories of environme nt in rehabilitation.To rehabilita tion therapists,environment has a much b road range concept,which includes n ot only physical environments,such as buildings and landscape,but also so cial and cultural environments.Environ ment should be classified into three do-mains:physical environments,social environments and cultural enviro n-ments.This review showed that envir onment has close relationship with t he rehabilitation of disease and diseases can be effectively treated by the inter-vention of environment.Some kinds o f evaluation methods were also pro-vided.A conclusion is also drawn that the intervention of environment is one of the most important means in rehabi litation treatment.Subject words :environment;rehabilitation;int ervention studies Qu Y.