运动焦虑与绩效研究综述

Review of research on sport anxiety and performance

焦虑对运动员的绩效影响很大.关于运动焦虑的理论主要有倒 U假设、个体最佳功能区、逆转理论和突变模型等,有关运动焦虑与绩效的研究表明,认知焦虑对绩效有重大影响,躯体性焦虑、认知焦虑和自信存在着交互作用,三者的共同作用影响着运动员绩效的发挥.文章最后介绍了控制运动焦虑的几种策略.

Anxiety exerts a variety of effects on athletic performance. The invertedU hypothesis,individualized zones of optimal functioning(IZOFs), reversal theory and the catastrophe model are the main theories about sport anxiety.Anxiety and performance research show that cognitive anxiety exert a powerful influence on performance.The interaction of somatic anxiety,cognitive anxiety and selfconfidence provides a better understanding of the true effects. Some interventions were introduced in the end of the paper.