几种芸香科植物花粉形态观察

Observation on the Pollen Morphology of Different Genera and Species of Rutaceae

应用扫描电子显微镜对佛手、代代、柚、柑橘和金橘等芸香科植物花粉进行形态观察。发现这几种植物的花粉在形态、大小、外壁纹饰、网孔等方面均有差异,其中3个佛手品种的花粉具网状纹饰,白衣秀士佛手和青衣童子佛手的网脊连续,而赤金王子佛手的网脊不连续,其他4种芸香科花粉具穴状纹饰,代代和柚的花粉比柑橘和金橘的花粉大,而代代和金橘的花粉表面孔穴密度比柚和柑橘的花粉表面孔穴密度大。这些花粉表面微观形态的差异将为上述品种鉴定提供依据。

The pollens of Citrus medica var.sarcodactylis(Noot.)Swingle,Citrus aurantium var.amara Engl.,Citrus grandis(L.)Osbeck.,Citrus reticulata Blanco,Fortunella margarita(Lour.)Swingle were observed through electron microscope.There are many differences among the pollens of the plants of Rutaceae on the morphology,the size,the aperture and the ornamentation of exine,the number of the holes and the reticulations etc.Citrus medica var.sarcodactylis features reticulate ornamentation.The muri on the pollens of white skin bergamot and green skin bergamot is continuous,while that of golden bergamot is discontinuous.The other four plants feature foveolate ornamentation.The pollens of Citrus aurantium var.amara Engl.and Citrus grandis(L.)Osbeck.are bigger than those of Citrus reticulata Blanco and Fortunella margarita(Lour.)Swingle.There are more holes on the pollens of Citrus aurantium var.amara Engl.and Fortunella margarita(Lour.)Swingle than those of Citrus reticulata Blanco and Citrus grandis(L.)Osbeck.The differences on surface of pollens provide a new evidence for identifying genera and species of Rutaceae.