新疆水资源短缺原因分析

Analysis on Reasons Causing Shortage of Water Resources in Xinjiang

根据新疆水资源分布特征及利用状况 ,分析了新疆水资源短缺的 5种基本类型 (资源性、工程性、设施性、管理性和污染性 ) ,以及水资源短缺的原因 ,认为新疆水资源短缺是自然因素与人为因素共同作用的结果。解决资源性缺水的根本出路是大规模和大跨度的调水工程。疆内跨流域调水、流域内控制性调蓄工程与灌区改造和配套工程的建设是解决工程性与设施性缺水的重点 ,管理性缺水要从流域水资源统一调配、科学管理着手 。

Based on distribution feature and utilization status of water resources in Xinjiang, this paper analyzes the basic water resources shortage types such as the type caused by special water resources distribution, the type caused by less irrigation projects, the type caused by unmatched irrigation establishment, the type caused by bad management, the type caused by pollution, and the reasons causing water resources shortage that is a result impacted jointly by both natural factors and artificial ones. The fundamental way to overcome the water shortage caused by water resources distribution is to build large scale and large span water transferred project. To establish the water transferred project within the region of Xinjiang, the control project of water adjustment and storage within drainage area, and the reconstruction project of irrigation regions and their conveyance system is the keystone to solve water shortage caused by irrigational project and facilities. The water shortage caused by bad management can be settled out by means of unionized transfer and allotment of basin water resources and scientific management. It is necessary to pay attention to preventing from aggravating and spreading water shortage caused by pollution.