新疆的生物多样性及其保护对策

Xinjiang Biodiversity and its Protection Strategies

新疆物种多样性具有特殊性。共有高等植物 3 90 5种 ,其中特有种就高达 1734种。野生脊椎动物共计 773种 ,列入国家一级保护动物 2 6种 ,二级保护动物 76种。大型真菌 2 0 0余种。由于滥捕乱猎、乱挖乱采、生态环境恶化及引种不当等原因 ,已使三叶甘草、新疆虎、野马、普氏原羚、赛加羚等灭绝 ,另外肉苁蓉、矮冬青、半日花、盐桦、麻黄、新疆大头鱼、野双峰驼、雪豹、盘羊、雪鸡、鹅喉羚等物种已处在濒危状态。建立自然保护区 ,保护生态系统的完整性 ;建立物种就地及迁地保存基地 ;

Xinjiang biodiversity possess particularity, it includes 3 905 species, among them, 1734 species are peculiar. Wild vertebrate add up to 773 species, and 26 species of them are the national first class protected wild animal, 76 species of them belong to second class protected wild animal. There are more than 200 species large scale funguses in Xinjiang. But from 1950s to 1980s, Glycyrrhiza triphylla, Panthera tigris, Equus przewalskii, Procapra przewalskii and Siga tilalites had been completely extinct because of excessive hunting,heavily gather medicinal herbs, Environmental deterioration and introducing a fine variety in suitable. In addition Cistanche salsa, Ilex iohfauensis,Helianthemum songoricum,Betula halophila,Ephedra, Aspiorhyn chuslaticeps,Camelus bactrianus, Pantera uncia, Ovis ammon, Tetraogallus and Gazella subgutturosa are dying out. It is imperative to establish nature reserves and keep completion of typical ecosystems,species on site and offsite reservations center and improve protection laws and regulations of biodiversity and set up systems of resource compensated use.