山东省1984年～2000年食物中毒事故分析及预防措施探讨

Analysis of food poisoning in Shandong province,China from 1984 to 2000

为给山东省的食物中毒预防工作提供借鉴 ,对山东省 1984年— 2 0 0 0年的食物中毒情况进行了分析。 17年中山东省共发生食物中毒 14 38起 ,4 2 6 2 9人中毒 ,2 4 5人死亡。平均年发病率3 15 10万。病死率 0 5 7%。中毒主要发生季节为第二、第三季度。中毒起数、中毒人数、发病率分别占总数的 79 5 4%、82 12 %和 5 3 75 %。街头食品引起的食物中毒起数和发病人数最多 ,分别为5 99起 ,174 16人。家庭聚餐引起的食物中毒起数、中毒人数仅次于街头食品 ,但死亡人数居首 ,占死亡人数的 6 7 76 % ,且主要发生在农村。引起中毒的食品主要为动物性食品 ,是植物性食品的 4倍 ,占总中毒起数的 75 17%。食物中毒的致病因素主要为微生物及其毒素、化学物品和有毒动、植物。引起死亡的主要因素为化学品 ,占死亡人数的 4 7 76 %。 17年来 ,虽然中毒起数、中毒人数和死亡人数均呈逐年下降趋势 ,但仍不可忽视其给人民健康和经济建设带来的损失。建议进一步贯彻、执行《食品卫生法》 ,加强流通领域的食品监测 ,加强农村的食品卫生管理。

The cases of food poisoning occurred in Shandong province,China from 1984 to 2000 were analysed for reference to the prevention of food poisoning.In the 17 years,1 438 cases of food poisoning occurred,42 629 people were poisoned and 245 people died.The average morbidity rate a year was 31 5 per million and the mortality rate was 0 57%.The food poisonings occurred mainly in the second and third quarter of a year,during which the cases,number of victims and morbidity accounted for 79 54%,82 12% and 53 75%,respectively of the yearly total.Most food poisonings were caused by street foods in which the number of cases and victims were 599 and 17 416.The number of death (67 76% of total death) resulted from food poisoning at home ranked first,and most of them occurred in rural areas.The food poisonings were mainly caused by unsanitary meats and meat products which was 4 times that by plant foods,and accounted for 75 17% of total cases.Microorganisms and their toxin,chemicals,toxic animal and plant were main factors resulting in food poisoning,and 47 76% of total death were caused by chemicals.Though the cases,number of poisoning and number of death resulting from food poisoning have been declining yearly,the loss in lives and property was still serious.We should pay more attention to inspection of food supply,especially the food made and sold in rural areas,and implement the law of food hygiene strictly for reducing food poisoning.