《一层楼》和《泣红亭》比喻引用的社会语言学分析

A Social Linguistic Analysis of the Metaphors Used in "One Storied Building" and "The Beauty Weeping Palace

比喻是选择比照物象及其语义特征 ,再描述所述物象的思维过程和语言过程。其中 ,比照物象及其语义特征的选择反映民族的思维特征和语言特征 ,具体应用到所述物象 ,就能体现出该语言表达式的文化所属。因为比喻中比照物语义特征的选择和使用范畴在各民族中有所不同 ,导致不同民族对词的概念之间的联想特征和处置方法的不同 ,从而引起比喻表达式的文化类型之间出现差别。《一层楼》、《泣红亭》中的比喻 ,在所用物象的文化属性上 ,分为蒙汉两个民族共有物象和汉族特有物象两种。比喻用法还反映民族的审美价值观及其变化。《一层楼》和《泣红亭》的作者在语言思维及比喻的应用上深受汉族文化的影响 ,而这种影响是经济、文化接触和汉语言教育的必然产物。

The use of metaphor is the thinking and speaking process in which one selects a comparable object and its semantic feature to describe the target object.The expression formed in this process not only can reflect the thinking and speaking characteristics of different ethnic groups,but also can embody the expression's cultural category.Because different ethnic groups have different associating and usages about words and concepts,there for the selection of comparable object and its semantic feature lead to difference of metaphorical expression and its cultural categories.From the view of cultural category,the metaphors used in “One Storied Building” and “The Beauty Weeping Palace” include two kinds of comparable objects:common objects belong to both Mongolian and Han nationality,and special objects only belong to Han nationality.Usages of metaphors also reflect aesthetic standards,valuing sytems and there changes among different ethnic groups.As the result of economic and cultural association between Mongolian and Han nationalities and language education carried out at that time,the author's language thinking and usages of metaphors in “One Storied Building” and “The Beauty Weeping Palace” were deeply influenced by Han's culture.