论法国1576年至1629年的“新教共和国”

On the "Protestant Republic" in France during 1560-1628

新教共和国是宗教战争的产物。它并非是一个全国一统的国家实体 ,散落于各地的新教“政治会议”是其存在的外在形式 ;以一方诸候的大贵族为中心的军事武装是其存在的支撑 ;新教教义中的“人民主权”思想和组织形式中体现出的宪政思想是其政治理念。它虽然是一次资产阶级的宗教革命 ,然而大贵族在运动中决定性的领导地位是其特征。这一特征与资产阶级和王权要求一致的国家统一的历史趋势相背离 ,决定了共和国失败的命运。

Generally speaking, the 'Protestant Republic' in France is the outcome of the religious war. It was not a state entity which could control the united territory. The Protestant 'political congress' in different places is its exterior structure of its existence and the military power with the local nobility as the core is the support of such existence. Its political idea was the republic one on constitution and government reflected in the idea and organization of the 'sovereignty of people' in the Protestant doctrine. Though, the 'Protestant Republic' in France was a bourgeois religious revolution, the great nobles played a decisive role in its leadership. This was against the demand for a united nation -- the common goal of the bourgeois and the French king. Therefore, the 'Protestant Republic' was doomed to meet its failure.