三峡库区发展态势与问题

SITUATION AND PROBLEMS IN THE THREE GORGES RESERVOIR AREA

近10年,三峡库区经济得到较大发展,GDP总量、人均GDP成倍增长,基础设施建设成绩斐然。但与全国和发达地区比较,差距仍在扩大。产业结构层次低,效益低,外资投资和外贸投资环境差等问题依然十分突出。山地灾害、环境污染、生态退化等问题仍十分严重,对重庆未来发展造成巨大压力。因此,对三峡库区近年的发展应有客观的评估。应该认识到,三峡库区发展滞后是自然因素、历史因素长期综合过程的产物,三峡库区的发展需要经历长期艰苦奋斗的过程,不可能在短期内就能“赶超”,更不可能仅靠一个特大工程的带动而迅速改观。当前,加大国家对三峡库区的投入,特别是扶持库区基础设施建设是必要的,但库区的发展不能长期依赖国家的投入,应该培育自身的发展能力,改善投资环境,吸引外资,吸引私人和集体投资;要在竞争中求发展。发展过程中,要十分重视库区移民的可持续发展问题,及生态安全、环境污染治理和山地灾害控制问题;应进行产业重构,培植优势产业、名牌企业和名牌产品;合理利用劳动力资源;发挥重庆主城区和三峡工程对经济的拉动作用。

Over the last 10 years, the economy in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area has experienced great progress, its gross domestic product (GDP) and per capita GDP increased by several doubles and its infratruc-tural construction has achieved great successes. But comparing with the whole country and developed regions, the gap is being enlarged. The problems including irrational economic structure, low benefits, few of foreign investment and trade, and bad investment environment etc, still remains grimly. While mountain hazards, environmental pollution and ecological degradation are serious. All of the situation and problems exert a great pressure on the future development of Chongqing Municipality. So we should give an objective valuation to recent development of the Three Gorges Reservior Area. We should realize that the backward condition of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area is the result of integrated effects of natural factors and historical process and its development must be a long and difficult process. It is not possible to catch up with and outstrip the level of the nation and advanced regions. At present, it is undoubted that the central government needs to invest more in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, especially to assist its infrastructural construction. But in the long term, the development of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area can not depend on national investment. It is very important to buy up the development capability itself, to improve its investment environment, absorb more investment from foreigners, and privates. It needs to expand itself among competitive environment for futural development. It must pay attention to tackle the problems relation in to sustainable development of the resettlement, ecological security, environment pollution and mountain hazards. Moreover we should make an effort to reconstruct its industrial structure, to bring up its advantagous industrial sectors and to create farmous brands of enterprises and products. Its labour force resource must be rationablely managed. The downtown of Chongqing Municipality and the Three Gorges Project must exert themselves to accelerate economic development for the reservoir area.