涝渍地种植制度与高效农业模式研究

PLANTATION SYSTEM IN RELATION WITH HIGH EFFECTIVE AGRICULTURAL MODEL IN WATERLOGGED LAND

采用了系统工程、生态农业、农业气象、作物栽培、技术经济等原理,通过对江汉平原涝渍地农田生态系统生产性能解析、现有种植制度与新拓高效农业模式分析评价、高效优化机理的探讨,从适应国内外市场需求,有利于农业结构调优,保护资源环境,促进农业可持续发展出发,筛选归纳了四类适宜的高效种植(养)模式,即“稳粮兴油”增值型;“稳棉机动”增值型;“粮经、粮饲兼顾”饲养型;“种地与养地”结合型。上述高效农业模式具有产品优化功能、结构优化功能、缓和大范围洪涝和自我调控补偿功能,它们既自成体系,各显特色;又互成体系,构成粮、经、饲、肥“四元”种植结构。必须实行有序高效模式自身水旱轮作,高效模式与传统耕作制度之间轮作换茬,使之动态优化,保持可持续发展。4种模式在我国南方涝渍地域具有广阔的推广前景,各地可因地制宜进行推广。

In consideration of the relative principles such as systematic engineering, ecological agriculture, a-gricultural meteorology, crop cultivation and technological economy, the ecological system property of farmland in waterlogged land in Jianghan plain was analyzed, and the current plantation system and newly developed high effective agricultural model were assessed in the present study. Four kinds of suitable and high effective plantation and/or aquaculture models are proposed: 1) steaby grain production and the development of rape production for the increase of production value, 2)steady cotton production and flesible utilization also for the increase of production value, 3) grain and economic crop or forage crop for poultry and livestock, 4) combination of land cultivation and fertilization. These four models have following optimum functions, such as variety of products, structures, large-scale flood mitigation. However, it must be pointed out that the high effective agricultural model itself needs the rotation of paddy and upland crops, and the rotation between high effective model and traditional cultivation system is essential in order to achieve sustainable development. In addition, the four models have a broad prospect for in the applicationin in the southern region of the waterlogged land in Jianhan plain.