景观生态学中的干扰问题小议

The Disturbance of Langdscape Ecology

干扰是景观生态学中的重要概念,本文探讨了干扰的定义,认为:干扰是在目标尺度内,改变景观生态过程和生态现象的不连续事件。或者说在目标尺度内,造成生态不整合的不连续事件。同时探讨了干扰的一些基本性质和理论,如干扰-尺度原理、干扰-异质性原理、干扰-稳定性原理和干扰-层系原理等。最后,就尚未成熟的干扰的模型提出一些见解,这可能会成为研究干扰的一种途径。

Disturbance is a widespread natural phenomenon that is a major force for landscape heterogeneity formation. It is considered as a discrete event that always change the ecological processes and ecological phenomenon occurred in natural ecosystems at various spatial and temporal scales. There are two ways to classify it,one is artificial disturbance and natural disturbance;the other one is restorable disturbance and beyond retrieve one. Except some special types,most disturbances can destroy landscape and produce new patch out line with primordial landscape,the result of disturbance act on landscape is make hole,parting, fragmentation, atrophying and disappearing commonly. After make exposition of concept,classification and characters of disturbance in landscape ecology,in this paper,some theory and laws about disturbance arc drawn,such as principle of Disturbance -Scale,theory of Disturbance - Heterogeneity, theory of Disturbance - Stability and theory of Disturbance - Hierarchies. At the last,some models of disturbance and the renew of landscape are put forward,and emphatically discussed the eco - signification of every models,meantime,applied examples of the models was given,it is about farming and soil erosion in yunnan province,as a disturbance,agricultural activities in mountainous area can last out for long time if it keep a low-level husbandry,the other way round,it will lead eco-disaster such as landslip and debris flow.