应用木霉制剂防治几种药用植物病害的研究

Presearch on Preventing the Medicinal Plant Diseases with Trichoderma harzianum Preparation

目的 :应用木霉制剂防治几种药用植物病害。方法 :木霉菌对药用植物病原菌室内抑菌效果及木霉制剂温室和田间防治试验。结果 :拮抗作用测定中 ,木霉菌对黄芪根腐病菌、北沙参菌核病菌、西洋参立枯病菌、丹参根腐病菌及款冬花菌核病菌有较强的拮抗作用。温室盆栽及田间防治试验结果表明 ,木霉制剂对北沙参菌核病的防治效果分别为 83 .6 %和 72 .5 % ;对黄芪根腐病菌和西洋参立枯病菌的田间防治效果分别达到 80 %和 6 0 %。结论 :木霉制剂防治上述病害的田间施用量以 10 g·m-2 为宜 ,可以替代多菌灵等常用农药。应用木霉制剂防治药用植物病害中药材的规范化种植提供了技术保证。

Objective:To control the medicinal plant diseases with the preparation of Trichoderma harzianum . Method:Antagonistic action of the preparation to the pathogens of the medicinal plants in vitro , and controling effects of the preparation on these diseases in greenhouse and in the field were tested. Result:The test in vitro showed that Trichoderma harzianum , used as a biocontrol factor, had stronger antagonistic action to Fusarium equiseti, Sclerotinia sp. and Rhizoctonia solani which were the medicinal plant pathogens of Astragalus membranaceus, Glehnia littoralis and Panax quinquefolium respectively. Biological controling effects on sclerotium root rot of Glehnia littoralis were 83.6% and 72.5% respectively in greenhouse and in the field with the preparation of Trichoderma harzianum. And controling effects on root rot of Astragalus membranaceus and seedling damping-off of Panax quinquefolium were 80% and 60% respectively in the field. The dosage of the preparation used in the field was 10 g·m -2 . Conclusion:The preparation of Trichoderma harzianum can be used as a substitute for such chemicals as Carbendazim. Using the preparation to control medicinal plant diseases provides a technical safeguard for the good agricultural practice of medicinal plants.