钻具的腐蚀与防护

Drill pipe corrosion and protection

随着钻井工艺向高速、深井方向发展,钻具腐蚀与防护问题日益紧迫,它不但关系到降低钻井成本和保证钻井安全,而且还关系到新的钻井液和新的钻井工艺能否推广和发展。综述了钻具腐蚀与防护研究进展。钻井液的腐蚀性成分主要为溶解气体(氧、二氧化碳、硫化氢)和盐类,它们在电化学作用和应力作用下会形成均匀腐蚀、斑点腐蚀、点腐蚀和应力腐蚀。控制这些腐蚀的措施包括:合理选用钻具钢材质,控制钻井液的pH值,用化学剂除去腐蚀性成分,应用缓蚀剂。介绍了钻具腐蚀与防护研究面临的新挑战。

With development of drilling technology to high drilling speed and deep drilling well, more and more issues about drilling pipe corrosion and protection are regarded specially, which not only relate reducing drilling cost and assuring drilling safety but also influence popularizing and developing novel drilling fluid and drilling technology. The headways of study on drilling pipe corrosion and protection including corrosion of drilling fluids, corrosive shape and mechanism of pipes and corrosion control method have been summarized. New challenges of the studies are also introduced in the paper.