塔里木沙漠公路风沙危害形成研究

The Formation of the Blown Sand Disaster to the Tarim Desert Highway, Xinjiang, China

塔里木沙漠公路南北横贯塔里木盆地 ,全长 5 6 2km ,其中近 80 %的路段穿行于塔克拉玛干沙漠之中 ,是世界上穿越流动沙漠最长的等级公路 ,因而风沙危害是制约沙漠公路正常运行的主要病害。研究表明 ,1)沙漠公路沿线风力强劲 ,沙丘形态各异 ,地表组成物质松散 ,为风沙危害形成提供了动力条件和奠定了物质基础 ;作为风沙危害的受灾对象 ,沙漠公路防沙体系结构以及公路纵横断面也直接作用于风沙危害形成过程 ;2 )沙漠公路风沙危害主要源于防沙体系沙物质的侵入和防沙体系内部因近地面气流变异而产生的风蚀与堆积 ;目前沙漠公路风沙危害的主体是防沙体系 ,危害的形式包括风蚀、风沙流滞留积沙和沙丘前移压埋。

The Tarim Desert Highway in Xinjiang, China, the longest one in the world, has a length of 562km, over 80% of which runs across, from north to south, the Taklimakan Desert, one of the largest sand sea in the world. Obviously, the main problem of the road maintenance is the blown sand disaster to the Tarim Desert Highway. The research results show that (1) The physical environment along the Tarim Desert Highway are characterized by strong winds, fine and loose ground materials, different dunes and so on, as provides the dynamical condition and material source for the formation of blown sand disaster to the road and its shelter system. Meanwhile, the cross and section running direction of road and the structure the shelter system, as damage objects, play most important roles in the formation process of blown sand disaster to the highway; (2) The blown sand disaster to the shelter system of the Tarim Desert Highway is original from the drift sands and movable dunes to intrude and the wind erosion and sand deposit caused by the air current changes on the ground in the shelter system. The main damaged object in the Tarim Desert Highway is the shelter system during the present period. The damage forms include wind erosion, sand burying and dune covering.