北京东灵山地区鼠类体外寄生虫时间生态位的研究

Study on Time Niche Among the Ectoparasites of the Rodent in Dongling Mountain in Beijing

目的 了解北京东灵山地区鼠类体外寄生虫时间生态位的情况。方法 计算寄生在 7种鼠类体表的 18种主要寄生虫的生态位宽度和彼此间的重叠指数。通过聚类分析 ,将重叠指数较高的寄生虫种类分在一个类群。结果时间生态位最宽的种类 ,蚤类为特新蚤 ,蜱类为全沟硬蜱 ,革螨为巢鼠厉螨 ,恙螨为东方纤恙螨。季节消长曲线类型相似的物种时间生态位重叠指数较高 ,如东方纤恙螨和毒厉螨 ,二齿新蚤和特新蚤 ,沙百灵血革螨和特新蚤。结论 鼠类体外寄生虫重叠指数较高的种类 ,在宿主动物体表出现的时间基本一致。

Objective To investigate the time niche of ectoparasites of the rodent in Dongling Mountain,Western Beijing.Methods The niche breadth and niche overlap of 18 dominant species of ectoparasites in resource-series formed by 7 species of rodents were calculated.The species of ectoparasites with great niche overlap were classified as one niche overlap group by clustering analysis.Results The values of time niche breadth of Neopsylla specialis,Ixodes persulcatus,Laelaps micromydis,and Lepotrombidium orientale were the widest in different ectoparasite type.The value of niche overlap of the dominant ectoparasites seen to be high,e.g.Laelaps echidninus and L.orientale,N.bidentatiformis and N.specialis,Haemogamasus calandrellus and N.specialis.Conclusion Those ectoparasite species with high value of niche overlap emerged on the same season.