淮河流域及洪泽湖水质的演变趋势分析

STUDY ON THE EVOLUTION TENDENCY OF WATER QUALITY IN HUAI RIVER BASIN AND HONGZE LAKE

利用洪泽湖及其淮河入湖河段的水质监测数据,分析了近30年来洪泽湖水质的变化趋势,重点研究了"八五"、"九五"期间洪泽湖水质的季节与年际变化规律;通过对淮河干流、省界河流代表站及全流域国家基本站水质监测数据的综合分析,论述了淮河流域水质变化的总体趋势;研究表明,全流域水质恶化的趋势已经基本得到遏止,水质有所改善,但波动性大,部分河段特别是省界河流污染仍然较严重,集中排污所引起的污染事故仍时有发生。近几年"达标排放"等污染治理工作取得了显著的成就,但"淮河、洪泽湖水变清",依然"任重道远";淮河流域位于温度变化的南北过渡带,当属于我国最大的Ecotone(生态交错带)类型之一,建议基于其Ecotone的生态实质,进行流域污染的治理和生态的重建工作。

Firstly, the authors analyzed the data of water quality in Hongze lake and its entering reach of Huai River main branch, and the changing tendency of water quality in the last 30 years, and mostly studied the seasonal and yearly evolving rules of water quality during the '8th and 9th FIVE YEAR'. By comprehensively analyzing the water quality data of the representative crosssections in Huai River main branch and crossprovince rivers, and the data of national basic investigating stations around the Huai River basin, the totally evolving tendency in the whole basin was discussed. Results show that: the deterioration tendency of water quality has basically been stopped in Huai River basin. But due to the great undulatory property, the water pollution is also comparatively serious in parts of river reaches especially in crossprovince rivers, and the same pollution accidents are frequently occurring owing to centralized pollutant blowdown. In the last a few years, water pollution administering works have undergone great progress, but the aim of 'the water's changing to be limpid in Huai River and Hongze Lake' has also not been realized, which needs more attention to be paid. Huai River basin is located in the transition zone of northsouth of temperature, and surely belongs to one of the great ecotons (transition zone between ecosystems) in China. The authors suggest that the research and actions of basin pollution administering and ecological reconstruction should be carried out on the base of its essence of ecotone.