生物组合技术在河蟹人工育苗水质净化中的应用研究

Application of Biological Combined Technology to Water Treatment of Artificial Propagation of Mud Crab

为探索河蟹人工育苗中的水质净化和减少换水量的方法,通过基础试验和河蟹人工育苗生产性试验,对一种生物组合技术进行了研究考察。结果表明,依据生态养殖原理设计,在养殖池内投放和接触氧化水循环处理装置内接种挂膜光合细菌、硝化细菌和放线菌等环境有益微生物,并与微藻、光合细菌等活饵料应用技术相结合的成套技术可使育苗池水循环利用,降低生产成本,减少对周边水环境的污染。试验苗池DO高于7.5mg/L,NH3-N基本低于0.5mg/L,水质明显优于对照苗池,符合河蟹育苗要求。试验苗池蟹苗总成活率19.4％,产量175.8g/m3,蟹苗成活率、产量和质量均明显优于对照苗池,经济效益和环境效益显著。

In order to seek the solution for water purification and reduce water quantity use in artificial propagation of mud crab, one kind of biological combined technology was proposed. In the biological combined technological design according to the theory of eco-cultiva-tion, photosynthetic bacteria, nitro-bacteria and ac-tinomyces were used as predominant strains in fry pond and inoculated in bio-contact oxidization reactor, and application technology of live bait (micro algae and photosynthetic bacteria, etc.) was combined. Some basic experiment and mud crab artificial propagation production experiments have been done. The results showed that the biological combined technology could recycle and reuse the pond water and improve water quality. The dissolved oxygen concentration of the experimental pond water could keep in more than 7.5 mg/L and the NH_4^+-N concentration in less than 0.5 mg/L. The water quality of the experimental pond was obviously better than the control pond. The survival ratio of mud crab megalops larva reached 15%. Good economic returns and environmental benefits were gained.