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在降雨量极少的条件下日本琵琶湖北湖主要环境因子的动态变化和机理的研究(Ⅰ)(英文) 被引量:1

Dynamics of Main Environmental Factors and Its Mechanism in North Basin of Lake Biwa in Low Precipitation Condition ( I )
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摘要 琵琶湖是日本第一大淡水湖,20世纪60年代以来,由于经济的发展,湖水水质逐步变坏。1977年湖的北部出现赤潮,1 983年湖的南部出现了湖泊富营养化的产物微囊藻。多年来,在深水区湖水温度分层情况下,叶绿素α或浮游植物主要分布在湖的表层。但在1 994年夏季降雨量极少的情况下,在深水区叶绿素α或浮游植物主要分布在温跃层的附近,这种现象在琵琶湖是罕见的。分析发现叶绿素的峰值在湖水温度分层时出现在温跃层的上部,而且底边界层同时出现了低溶氧和高浊度的现象。叶绿素α和溶氧、浊度的对应关系表明温跃层是一光合成活跃的区间。本文通过流体力学方程计算,结果表明随着温度的降低,粘滞力就会增加,在温跃层出现了随水深增加,粘滞力急剧增大的情况。由此可见颗粒物在温跃层顶的上部沉降速度比温跃层内快,因此颗粒物高浓度出现在温跃层内。计算结果同时发现,在水深10~20 m(对应于温跃层),分子扩散系数最小,一旦颗粒物进入这一区间就不易扩散出去。由于温跃层是一分子扩散系数小、粘滞力高的区间,所以温跃层是颗粒物和营养盐的富集区,出现了藻类和叶绿素浓度的峰值。 The investigation result has documented, in the condition of extremely low precipitation, peak value of chlorophyll -a didn't appear in the epilimnion as usual, rather than, a very sharp chlorophyll peak emerges uniformly in the upper metal-imnion of the whole lake. Analyses showed that because the Reynolds number is low in metalinmion region, the viscosity gradient make the accumulation of sedimenting particles, especially algae in the upper metalim nion. Extremely low vertical dil-fusivity capacity and high accumulation make this region a potential centre of particles and nutrients.
出处 《防灾减灾工程学报》 CSCD 2003年第1期34-41,共8页 Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering
关键词 环境因子 叶绿素 温跃层 降雨量 琵琶湖 日本 藻类 Chlorophyll metalimnion Extreme Low Precipitation Lake Biwa
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