禾本科植物的组织培养研究及其应用

THE RESEARCH AND APPLICATION OF GRAMINACEAE TISSUE CULTURE

禾本科植物是粮食作物的主要来源,随着人口的增加和生活水准的提高,人类对粮食的产量、种类和质量的需求也日益迫切。根据国外在1982年对90个发展中国家的统计和预测的结果说明到1990年末,这些国家共缺少72百万吨谷物而到2000年将缺少144百万吨谷物。近十余年以来,随着植物分子生物学的迅猛发展和作为植物生物技术重要组成部分的植物组织培养技术的日臻完善,被公认为非常困难从事的禾本科植物(Gramina-ceae)的组织培养也取得了异常迅速的发展,并且已经在作物改良的生产中取得了成效,显示了越来越大的潜能和威力,为人类从根本上解决食物问题指出了一条切实可行的途径。本文拟在评述近年来禾本利植物组织培养(主要指胚胎培养、器官培养、细胞培养和原生质体培养)的理论性研究和应用性研究的进展,并重点描述和讨沦在应用上较为成熟和有发展前景的几个领域的发展现状以及利用禾本科植物的组织培养技术而进行的基因转移技术的概况。希望能为我国从事植物组织培养的工作者们提供某些参考资料并对于一些问题进行共同的商榷和探讨。

The paper dealed with the situation of cereals tissue culture research, in which the author stressed the importance of carrying on cereals tissue culture, some problems involved in cereals cell culture and protoplast culture and their prospects. The writer gave a detailed description of Graminaceae tissue culture history, analysized the applied tendencies and prospects about Graminaceae tissue culture basic research and, on author's work basis, pointed out the major factor influencing cereals protoplast cultuee, establishment of cereals cell suspension culture system. The writer believe that Graminaceae tissue culture will have rapid advancement in the coming ten years. Ten illustrations including six tables and four figures- are involved in the paper.