大学收费标准的确定:是成本计量问题还是价格管理问题

Determining criteria for university tuition: An issue of cost measuring or price control

我国《高等教育法》规定 ,大学要依据生均教育成本 ,同时参考学生家庭的承受能力 ,适当收取一定比例的学费。这一规定实际上引发了两个理论上的难题 :一是大学的教育成本计量要尽量准确 ,以充当收费依据 ;二是适当比例的成本分担 ,需要一个判断和管理“适当”比例的机制。实际上 ,大学教育成本的计量虽然有助于规范大学的收费行为 ,但它并不是解决大学收费问题的必要前提 。

Chinese Higher Education Law stipulates that tuition charged by a university shall be determined on the basis of per capita cost that may accrue by the university, while taking into account of affordability of the average families in the society. However here may arise two theoretical points. Firstly, the measurement of education cost should be exact in order to serve as the base for tuition collection; Secondly, a foundation of the weight ratio should be set up in order to truly represent the portion of the education expenditure to be shared by students. In fact, the efforts in measuring education cost do not constitute necessary premises in tuition determination even though it is helpful in regulating the practice of tuition collection. The approach of price control has proved to be an alternative to above regulating tuition among universities.