六朝疆域与政区述论

Exposition of the territory and the administrative divisions during the six dynasties

六朝疆域太多伸缩不定,六朝政区太多离析变迁。六朝疆域的政治中心是其首都,六朝绝大部分时间以建业、建康为首都。六朝之疆域范围,吴、陈两朝最小,晋末宋初最大。为了疆域的维持与国祚的延续,六朝在军事上,自北而南,自东徂西,或守河以保河淮之间,或守淮、守汉、守秦岭、守大巴、守米仓,以保河淮之间、江汉之间及汉中、巴蜀,或守江以保江南根本。六朝为了治理疆域而建置的政区,因受具体时代背景与特殊国情的影响,表现出几个主要特点,如政区层次增多,政区制度过分不整齐划一,政区建置混乱以至过滥,地方政权多实行双轨制等等,这又引发出了诸多弊端,如外重内轻从而导致割据与动乱,军政合治从而导致民刑诸政不修,机构重叠、官吏冗滥从而导致地方吏治败坏,其结果,便是隋朝灭陈后的重新规划政区建置与改革政区制度。

During the six dynasties, as the territory was expanded and narrowed constantly, the administrative divisions changed frequently. The scope of territory was the smallest in Wu and Chen Dynasty, but it was the largest at the end of Jin Dynasty and at the beginning of Song Dynasty. To keep the scope of the territory, military defenses were set up in depth according to the terrain of the mountains and rivers during the six dynasties. The administrative divisions, which were established to administer the territory, were affected by the specific background, characteristics of the times and the different special conditions of the countries during the six dynasties. On one hand, they showed certain distinguishing features. On the other hand, they also caused many drawbacks.