黄土高原西北部春小麦集雨微灌的产量及水分效应

Effect of micro-irrigation with rainwater catchment on the yield and w ater use efficiency of spring wheat in the northwest of the Loess Plateau

为探讨集雨微灌对春小麦的产量及水分效应 ,于 2 0 0 1年在黄土高原西北部的甘肃省皋兰县进行了灌水方式 (管灌、滴灌和微喷灌 3个水平 )和灌水量 (0 mm、2 2 .5mm、45.0 mm和 67.5mm 4个水平 ) 2因素试验 ,分别在拔节期、孕穗期和开花前期灌水 ,试验共设 36个小区 ,小区面积 3× 5m2 。试验结果表明 :小麦生育期土壤水分变化动态受降水量、灌水量和小麦生育期耗水量的影响 ,总体呈下降趋势。微喷灌处理能显著地增加上层 (0～ 40 cm)土壤含水量 ,以微喷灌 67.5mm处理最为明显。对产量的方差分析结果表明 ,尽管灌水方式间的差异不显著 ,但从产量表现来看 ,其大小顺序依次是微喷灌、滴灌、管灌和对照 ;灌水量和互作间的差异达极显著水平 ;灌水有增加公顷穗数 ,降低穗粒数和千粒重的趋势 ;随灌水量的增加 ,千粒重对产量的贡献减小 ,而公顷穗数对产量的贡献增加 ,穗粒数对产量的贡献表现在这一过程之中。作物田间耗水量和水分利用效率随补灌量的增加而增加 ;以微喷灌 67.5mm的水分利用效率最高 ;供水效率以微喷灌 45.0 mm和 67.5mm处理为高。

Aid-to-irrigation with rainwater catchment is an efficient measure to assure t he stability and high-yield of crop production in the arid or semi-arid region s ,especially on the Loess Plateau of northern China. In recent years, the resea rches relative to the issue focus on the determination of the aid-to-irrigatio n system with rainwater catchment. The present study was conducted in field plot s at the northwest of the Loess Plateau to evaluate the effect of micro-irrigat ion with rainwater catchment on the yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of spring wheat. In the field experiment, 36 field plots with each area of 15 m2 (3×5 m2) were established and treated with two factors of irrigation method a nd amount of irrigation. The irrigation method as the main-treatment factor was set up with three treatments(pipe-irrigation, drip-irrigation and micro-spri nkle-irrigation). The amount of water as the sub-treatment factor was set up w ith four treatments (0 mm, 22.5 mm 45.0 mm and 67.5 mm). The aid-to-irrigation was given at the jointing stage, booting stage and blooming stage of the spring wheat development. The experiment results showed that (1) the dynamic changes o f soil water in wheat growth period were subjected to the variation of the quant ity at precipitation, irrigation and water consumption. In general, water conten t in soil showed a decrease tendency. Micro-sprinkle-irrigation，especially at the irrigation level of 67.5 mm, significantly increased the water content in t he upper layer of soil (0~40cm); (2) the effect of different irrigation methods on the wheat yield was not significant, however, the yield increase with the inc rease amount of irrigation. The highest yield appeared in the treatments irrigat ed 67.5mm by micro-sprinkle-irrigation. Irrigation led to increase of the ear number per hectare, and decrease of the grain number per ear and 1000 grain weig ht; (3) the WUE of treatments irrigated were higher than that of check (CK); the WUE and water irrigation efficiency (WIE) of micro-sprinkle-irrigation we re highest among the three methods of irrigation; the WUE of the treatments irri gated 67.5mm was highest among the four levels of irrigation amount and the WIE of the treatments irrigated 45.0mm and 67.5mm were higher than other two level s of irrigation amount.he