酒依赖的神经科学基础与治疗研究进展

Neurological base and therapeutic development for alcohol dependent

酒精除兴奋阿片肽系统外,还能促进5羟色胺(5-HT)、多巴胺的释放及增强γ氨基丁酸(GABA)系统的功能,从而影响到中枢神经系统的各个方面。长期酗酒可导致酒依赖,表现为对酒精的耐受,强烈的渴求,强迫性觅酒行为,中断饮酒后出现戒断症状;酒依赖患者另外还有的表现为情感性障碍,神经精神障碍,人格障碍;以及合并高血压、肺心病、脑萎缩、脑梗死等心脑血管疾病和肝炎,肝硬化等肝功能异常,性功能受损,性欲降低,性冷淡,阳痿,不生育。近年来,酒依赖的药物治疗取得了若干进展,内源性阿片类物质纳曲酮和GABA受体激动剂-乙酰高牛黄酸钙已得到人们的认可。呋喃唑酮厌恶法治疗酒依赖在临床上也取得了较好的治疗效果,尤其对具有戒酒愿望的酒依赖者取得了满意的疗效。然而大多数药物仍然属于研究阶段,要最终了解酒依赖和治疗酒依赖还需要做更多的研究。

The alcohol is besides exciting the brain system, and can still promote releasing of 5 HT and dopamine, and increase the function of the GABA system, from but affect the each aspect of the central nervous system.Excess drink with a long period of time, can cause the alcohol dependent, and suffer the alcohol, and force to find the wine behavior; moreover the alcohol dependent get the emotion obstacle, nerve spirit obstacle, personality obstacle; and hypertension, cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease, and hypohepatia,undersexed, ED, sterility. In recent years, the medicine treatment of alcohol dependent obtained some progress. However many medicine still belong to the studying stage, and need to do more researches for know and treatment of alcohol dependent.