论洛克对天赋观念的批判及对认识起源问题的证明——对洛克的认识论及其自然科学基础研究之二

Repositioning Locke's Epistemology Constructed on the Basis of Natural Science

真正使培根的经验论哲学成为系统的经验论体系,对18世纪法国启蒙学者、唯物论哲学家、企图走中间路线的休谟、康德及现代西方各个经验哲学流派产生影响的杰出哲学家是洛克。国内外学者对洛克哲学与自然科学之间的关系认识是不够的。人们往往认为,洛克的主要贡献和历史影响是在政治理论、经济学和教育学等社会科学方面,许多有关洛克认识论的文章或者完全忽视了二者的关系.或对此仅予以轻描淡写,这样就可能片面理解他的认识论。或者忽视他的认识论中重视理性一面,得出洛克贬低或忽视理性在认识中的作用;或者把他看成二元论者。洛克的哲学贡献不仅是英国革命的产物也是英国自然科学的产物,他对天赋观念的批判使经验论的基础更加稳固、对新科学运动起了有益的促进作用。

It is Locke who actually turned Bacon' s scholarticism into systmatic experimentalism and influenced Hume and Kant and other western schools of experimental philosophy. Scholars home and abroad have no enough knowledge of the relation between Locke's philosophy and natural science. Locke' s phisolophic contributionis not only the production of American revolution but also the production of American natural sicence. His criticism of the idea that a genius is bom. stablized the foundation of experimentalism and promoted the new science movement.