“绿色证书”教育与农村初中改革

Green Certificates"Education and the Reform on the Junior Middle Schools in the Countryside

农村初中教育要能成为脱贫致富的有效对策,就必须突破城市初中升学预备教育或简单技术培训的办学思路,以适合广大农村特别是贫困地区农民及其子弟生存需要的办学模式和施教方式,引入最有助于贫困人群脱贫的“绿色证书”教育内容。在课程方面,要构建国家分科课程、市级农科教结合实践课程和校级农科教结合实践课程;在教学方面,要构建以课堂教学、实验教学、农科教结合实践教学为上位结构和以校园实践、庭园实践、田园实践为下位结构的教学模式;在办学思路方面,要构建文化教育中心、农技培训推广中心、创业指导培训中心、市场信息服务中心四位一体的农村初中新模式。农村初中“绿色证书”教育要从课程内容、课程安排、课型搭配、教学方式、教材开发、师资配置、基地建设、认证管理、政策机制等方面入手,不断推进制度创新。从生存教育层面评价,作为脱贫致富对策的农村初中“绿色证书”教育具有课程综合化、教学实践化、办学社会化、资源市场化、服务多元化、效益连锁化的多方面特征。

If the rural junior middle school education is intended to teach how to make rural people rich, it is essential to introduce the teaching contents of' Green Certificates' instead of the urban way of junior middle school education or the old school - running thought concerning simple technical training. In terms of curricula, diverse courses of the state should be set up, the practice course combined with farming knowledge and the school - level courses of practice combined with that, too; in terms of teaching, the superordinate structure consists, of classroom teaching, experimental teaching and the combination of agricultural science with teaching practice; and the subordinate structure consists of campus practice, yard practice and field practice; in terms of school - running thought, a new model of rural junior middle school should be constructed on the basis of cultural education center, agricultural skills training and expanding center, invention - guiding and training center and market information service center. The 'Green Certificates' education in rural junior middle schools might be started from the decision of course contents, course arrangement, courses collocation, teaching ways, textbook editing, allocation of teachers, the site construction, certificate - confirming administration and policy mechanism and furthermore, this new system should be improved inconcessantly. Evaluated from the education of existence, the'Green Certificates'education may be served as an effective means to overcome the poverty in the rural areas, possessive of the multiple features such as course integration, teaching practice, sources marketing, plural service and profit concatenation.