季铵盐类化合物灭杀赤潮异弯藻的实验研究

MECHANISM OF QUARTERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS EXTINGUISHING HETEROSIGMA AKASHIWO

通过对几种不同结构的季铵盐类化合物对赤潮异弯藻的去除效率进行比较 ,发现具有一定结构的季铵盐类化合物对该种藻具有较强的灭杀去除效果 ;在相同用量 (质量 )下 ,含有一个长碳链的季铵盐化合物的灭杀效果明显高于含有双长链的季铵盐化合物。同时 ,通过测定十六烷基三甲基溴化铵作用下的赤潮异弯藻的叶绿素含量变化和光合作用强度 ,并借用透射电镜研究了受胁迫藻细胞的亚显微结构 ,从而分析了季铵盐类化合物灭杀赤潮生物的原理 :季铵盐对赤潮异弯藻的“毒性”主要是由于其强表面活性 ,易于吸附在藻细胞的磷脂双分子膜结构的表面 ,从而引起膜结构的破坏和功能的丧失 ,进而导致细胞死亡。

Chemical algicides are efficient and convenient for use; however, how to develop more specially efficient and the less eco impacting algicides is still one of the focuses of red tide control In this article the different removal efficiencies of Heterosigma Akashiwo (H A ) by various quarternary ammonium compounds (QACs) were studied In the same weight dose, the QACs composed of only one long chain alkyl were distinctly more efficient than those composed of double long chain alkyls, according to our experiments To understand the mechanism of QACs extinguishing harmful algae, we studied the effects of Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide on chlorophyll content and the intension of photosynthesis of H A , as well as on the cell form by TEM Our experiments indicated that the extinguishing effect of QACs was mainly due to their powerful surfactivity and their tendency to cohere on the surface of phospholipid bimolecular layer, which would destroy the structure and the function of quasi membrane configurations, causing the cells to die consequently