论中国海岸带大米草生态工程效益与“生态入侵”

A Discussion of Ecological Engineering Benefits of Spartina spp and Its Ecological Invasion

196 3年以来 ,我国先后从国外引进 3种大米草 ,分布在 180 0 0km海岸带上 ,经过近 4 0年的引种、驯化和栽培 ,种植面积已达到 36 0 0 0hm2 。实践证明大米草和互花米草适应于中国海岸带自然环境而正常生长发育 ,具有明显的促淤造陆、保滩护岸 ,环境保护等生态功能 ,并有显著的经济效益 ,是一种改造滩涂的优良植物 ,也是一种盐渍土裸地植物群落形成的先锋植物 ,已作为一个外来种被列入《中国植物志》、《中国高等植物图鉴》和各种地方植物志中。文章认为应客观地评估大米草的功与过。大米草和互花米草繁殖较快的原因是由于富营养化的结果 ,然而对环境、种群和人并未构成侵害行为 ,在北方海岸带区域尤未发现任何异常现象 。

China had introducted three species plants of Spartina genera from Britain and America since 1963, namely Spartina anglica S.alterniflore and S.patens. Now the 3 species of Spartina plants are widely distributed throughout coast zone of 18 000 km, and growing area reaches to 36 000 hm 2 along seabeach of China. The facts have proved that Spartina adapt itself to the natural seabeach environment of China and grows well. Spartina is a valuable plant for reforming seabeach land,e.g. the ecological functions of creating land with silt, protecting seacoast, as well as its economic benefit.On the other hand, it is a pioneer plant for the formation of plant community in seabeach. Spartina as a foreign plant species has been listed in the books of Flora Chinensis, Iconographia Cormophytorum Sinicorum and Flora Hebeiensis, etc. Spartinas benefits and faults ought to be objectivly evaluated. Because of the eutrophication in its waterbody, the Spartinas rate of reproduction is very high.However, there are no injuries to environment, population and humanity. And up to now no abnormal phenomena have been observed in the coast zone of North China. Therefore Spartina alterniflora and S.anglica are not ecological invasion species. [