海洋光学遥感技术的发展和前沿

The Development of Marine Optical Remote Sensing and the Frontiers

空间遥感与信息技术已经发展成为满足人类对海洋资源和环境不同尺度和不同层次连续、动态的信息需求的必要手段。海洋光学遥感在实施大范围海面瞬间信息监测、数年至几十年长序列全球海洋数据采集等方面 ,发挥了常规调查方法所不能替代的优势。从 2 0世纪 70年代开始 ,国际上发展了利用测量离水辐射率的原理 ,用现代的卫星遥感技术来实时监测海洋水色环境。 80年代以来 ,我国对该项高技术也十分重视 ,并有了长足进展。文章回顾我国近 2 0年来海洋光学遥感技术的发展 ;讨论了当前国家在海洋权益、防灾减灾、海洋资源管理和开发等方面的进一步需求 ;论述了该技术在环境监测应用导向下的前沿 ,如 :高精度分析和定量化、高频率长序列监测和业务化趋向。

The space remote sensing and information technique have become a necessary tool to observe the different scale, different layer and continuous dynamical phenomenon of oceanic resources and environment. The marine remote sensing has more advantage than the normal investigation in the collection of marine environment parameters of several yeas, even several ten years. In the 1970s the international scientists began the real time detection of oceanic environment by means of water leaving radiance measurement from satellite. China has paid great attention and has made great progress in this field since the 1980s. This paper, first, reviews the development of marine optical remote sensing in China over the last 20 years. Secondly, the neads of this technique in national rights and interests, preventing and reducing natural calamities and management and development of marine resources are discussed. Finally, the key technique and frontiers of the application of marine optical remote sensing in the monitoring of marine environment are expounded, such as marine satellite operational monitoring system, accuracy analysis and quantitization, high frequency and long term monitor data collection, the combination application of multi sensor and key technique, etc. [