试论孙中山之考试权独立思想

On Sun Zhong - shan' s Idea of the Idependence of Examination Rights

考试权独立思想是孙中山王权宪法理论的重要内容之一,它是在批判西方民主国家选举制度流弊和借鉴中国古代科举制度方式方法的基础上形成的。就其内容来说,主要包括两个方面:第一,为了确保考试选官的真正公允,考试权必须独立,与立法、行政、司法等机构处于平等的地位;第二,考试制度应推广至如西方文官制度中的政务官,即侯选人需经过考试才能取得被选举为人民公仆的资格。孙中山这一思想,具有鲜明的时代特色和阶级斗争属性,以及明显的个人意志的烙印,在20世纪中华民族的伟大变革中,具有重要的历史意义,同时也反映了他本人作为资产阶级革命家的局限性。

The idea of the independence of examination rights is one of the chief contents of Sun Zhong- shan's theory of monarchical - power constitution. It includes two aspects: 1) In order to ensure the justice of selecting officials through examinations, examination power must be set independent. It should be equal to legislation, administration and judicature; 2) Examination system should be expanded to the degree as officials in charge of government affairs in western countries. Sun Zhong- shan's idea possesses the feature of obvious characteristics of the time and class struggle. It bears a marked brand of the individual will and is of great historical significance in the present time.