论宁夏地区生态移民

The ecological emigration in Ningxia

宁夏西海固地区历史上向有“苦瘠甲天下”之称 ,当代则由于严重超载的人口压力 ,致使十分脆弱的生态系统雪上加霜。 1983年以来 ,中国政府在该地区实施了旨在根本改变贫困农民生存条件的带有扶贫开发性质的生态移民 ,为全国范围内生态恶劣地域的移民开拓了先河 ,也积累了丰富的经验。然而从宁夏的生态移民开发实践及其存在问题来看 ,今后应强化迁出、迁入两地的生态建设 ;由松动式分散搬迁向整体搬迁为主的转变 ,以利于封山育林种草 ;合理开发利用水土资源 ,防止新的生态破坏。同时 ,控制人口增长 ,加速城镇化进程 ,实现可持续发展。

Xi-Hai-Gu is one of the poorest areas in China, where the serious population problem is leading to a more serious eco-systematic problem. Since 1983, the Chinese government has been practicing the ecological emigration to help the people to get rid of poverty and to improve the ecological environment in this area. Some experiences were obtained, but many problems still remain. This article argues that it is important to emphasize the improvement of ecology in both the immigrated and emigrated areas. It is necessary to change the dispersed immigration into the integrated immigration in order to make use of the vast land on mountains for planting trees and grass. It is urgent to control the growth of population to avoid new destruction of the ecosystem so as to help the increase of urbanization and to achieve a sustainable development.