李森科现象及其教训

Lysenko phenomenon and its historical lessons

苏联 70年的社会主义的实践 ,留下了极其深刻的历史教训 ,其中如何处理政治、意识形态与科学技术进步的关系是一个重要的主题。十月革命后 ,列宁曾经提出了科学与政治关系的马克思主义准则 ,列宁逝世后 ,随着全盘国有化、全盘集体化和高速工业化的中央集权体制 (所谓“斯大林模式”)取代了列宁的新经济政策 ,政治斗争和意识形态的需要日益凌驾于客观的科学真理之上。李森科现象的出现集中反映了苏联模式的特质 ,传达了苏联高层决策者在处理科技进步和政治利益的关系方面所陷入的悖论。历史证明 ,必须建立合理的社会体制 ,维护科学的价值中立性 ,弘扬“独立之精神 ,自由之思想” ,才能推动科学不断向前发展。

The practice of socialism during 1970s in the Soviet Union has left some historical lessons for later generations. After the October Revolution, the Policy of New Economy of Lenin was supplanted by the so-called 'the mode of Stalin', a centralized system of the overall nationalization and collectivization and industrialization at high speed. Thus the political and ideological needs became more overriding than the objective truth of science. The Lysenko phenomenon is the concentrated manifestation of characteristics of the mode of USSR, fully displays a paradox in the relationship between politics and science that the high-level policymakers of the Soviet Union held. The history bears out that a reasonable social institution and the stand of keeping the neutrality of science will be beneficial in promoting the development of science.