从俄汉语对比角度看汉语中的主语

Looking at Chinese subjects compared with Russian language

俄语具有丰富的形态变化 ,确定主语比较容易。汉语缺乏形态变化 ,加之汉语中的主语是一个从西方语言学引进的概念 ,所以主语成为汉语语法中最难研究、最没有定论的问题之一。然而 ,随着机器翻译、对外汉语教学等学科的迅速发展 ,急需确定汉语主语的科学依据。以对比语言学理论为基础 ,通过俄汉语主语的对比 ,可以从一个新的角度提出判断汉语主语的原则及方法。

It is easy to determine the subject in Russian language due to its various forms, on the other hand, it is difficult for Chinese subject due to its dullness of forms and in addition, the concept of subject in Chinese was introduced from western languages. Therefore, the determination of subject in Chinese is one of the difficult problems in the study of Chinese language. With the wide application of computer translation and teaching of Chinese to foreigners, it is urgent to find scientific methods of determining subject in Chinese. This paper proposed some methods and principles to analyze the subject in Chinese sentences based on some theoretical rationale from comparative linguistics and comparative study of subjects in Russian and Chinese.