四倍体小麦Khapli与六倍体小麦的杂交研究

Study on Wide Hybridization Between Khapli Emmer and Hexaploid Wheat

以不具有黄化基因Ch_1的栽培二粒小麦DM19为对照,比较研究了栽培二粒小麦Khapli与六倍体小麦的可杂交性、杂种及其后代的黄化表现等形态学特征,分析和讨论了Khapli比一般栽培二粒小麦与六倍体小麦杂交困难的原因和解决途径。结果表明,Khapli与六倍体小麦杂交中遇到的杂交结实率低、杂种黄化致死、杂种不育或育性很低等困难,可以通过选择适当的六倍体小麦亲本、改进杂交技术、人工辅助授粉等措施来加以克服或改善。此外,在杂种F_2代,发现一个新性状即双雌蕊小花性状。其主要特征是一个小花中有两个独立的正常雌蕊和三个雄蕊,扬花时颖壳张开角度极大。

The crossability and many morphological characters such as chlorosis etc. of hybrid plants and their progenies between khapli emmer and hexaploid wheat were studied comparatively with DM 19 emmer as a check without chlorosis gene 'Ch1'. The reasons that the wide hybridization between khapli emmer and hexaploid wheat was very more difTicult than between general emmer and hexaploid wheat were analyzed and discussed. Results suggested that the difficulties such as low crossability. hybrid dying of chlorosis, hybrid sterility or very low hybrid igrainset etc. could be overcomed or improved through selecting some appropriate hexaploid wheat as a parent, improving cross technique, artificial suplementary pollinnation etc. Besides, in the population of hybrid F_2 plants, auther discovered a new character 'double-pistil little flower'. the main natures of this character were that there were two indispendent and normal pistils in the same size and three stamens in one little flower, and the opening angle of glumes of the double-pistil little flowers at flowering stage were very large.