小麦五倍体杂种黄化的研究

STUDY ON PENTAPLOID HYBRID CHLOROSIS IN WHEAT

以不表现黄化的DM19类五倍体杂种为对照,比较研究了khapli类五倍体杂种黄化的表现、遗传及其对杂种植株生长发育的影响。结果表明,黄化明显地影响杂种植株的生长发育,可使杂种苗期夭亡或不能拔节或幼穗坏死,可使杂种穗子出现包颈现象,穗子发育异常,穗子纤细并出现大量退化小穗和小花,可使杂种结实率有所下降及所结种子饱满度明显下降。小麦五倍体杂种黄化除了受黄化基因Ch_1与Ch_2的互补控制以外,还受遗传背景、抑制基因以及日照和温度等环境条件的影响。由于上述众多因素的影响,杂种黄化的遗传表现出一定程度的数量性。最后,还讨论了克服杂种黄化的若干途径等。

The expression, inheriance of chlorosis in pentaploid hybrids involving khapli and their influence on plant growth and development were studied comparatively with pentaploid hybrids involving DM19 as a check disappearing chlorosis. Results suggesred: hybrid chlorosis had a obvious impact on hybrid growth and development, cold make hybrid seedling die or not joint, could make immatured ear necrosis could make hybrid plant appear wrapping-ear phenomenon; could make the ear of hybrid plant develop abnormally, ear being very slender and having many abortional spikelet and little glumose flowers:could make the grainset and seed plumpness of hybrid plant lower. Besides the complement of chlorosis gene Ch1 and Ch2, the chlorosis of wheat pentaploid hybrids was controlled by genetic background and inhibitating chlorosis gene del) and also affected by sunshine and temperture conditions.As a result of influence of the above-menti oned factors, the genetic of hybrid chlorosis showed great guantitativity. Finally, ways to overcome hybrid chlorosis were discussed yet.