新生儿脐血铅水平与环境影响因素的相关性研究

Relationship between neonatal lead exposure level in umbilical cord blood and environmental effect factors

目的了解我市新生儿脐血铅水平及其环境影响因素。方法采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法对新生儿脐带血及其产妇静脉血各 2 0 9份进行血铅测定 ,以面询及问卷形式对相应的 2 0 9名产妇进行了环境因素的调查 ,用多因素统计分析的方法分析对脐血铅水平有明显作用的影响因素。结果 2 0 9例脐血铅水平呈正偏态分布 ,范围在 34～ 191μg L ,几何均数为 77 3μg L ,≥ 10 0 μg L的占30 6 2 %。产妇血铅和新生儿脐血铅水平显著性相关 (r=0 74 5 ,P <0 0 1)。研究还发现孕期被动吸烟、燃料类型、孕周、居室距街道距离为胎儿期铅暴露危险因素。结论目前贵阳市新生儿脐血铅呈高水平暴露 ,主要与母亲及环境因素 ,如燃料类型、孕周、居室距街道距离等 。

Objective To study neonatal lead exposure level in umbilical cord blood and related factors in Guiyang.Methods Using graphite oven atomic absorption spectrometry.The authors determined blood lead level of 418 umbilical cord blood and answering parturient women vein blood and survey on 209 parturient women environmental factors was conducted with a face-to-face questionnaire.Data were analyzed wih multiple regression for the factors which affected the lead level in umbilical cord blood significantly.Results The umbilical cord blood lead levels in 209 cases were positive skew distribution with a range of 34 to 191μg/L,the geometric mean was 77.3μg/L;the umbilical cord blood lead level was≥100μg/L accounted for 30.62 percent of the total.There was a significant relation between the parturient women blood lead level and the umbilical cord blood lead level(r=0.745, P <0 01).The study also found that pregnant women passive smoking,the type of fuels,time of pregnancy,the distance of one's living room adjacent to the major traffic roads were risk factors for fetal lead exposure.Conclusion Neonatal level in umbilical cord blood was exposure highly,it related to the mother and her environmental factors mainly.Enough attention should be paid to the situation.