固体推进剂远地点发动机的研制和关键技术

Development and key techniques of solid propellant apogee kick motors

自1984年开始,中国研制的系列远地点发动机共9次参加卫星发射,均获成功,表现出很高的可靠性,高空比冲达到2834N·s/kg,质量比为0.895,性能达到了先进水平。该文介绍了远地点发动机的特点、技术水平和主要经验。其中采用丁羟推进剂、玻璃纤维壳体和碳/碳复合材料喉衬被证明为成功的技术选择。在研制过程中,在高空比冲的预示和测量,玻璃纤维壳体基体树脂的研制,高空点火和安全点火机构的研制,防止发动机自旋引起的烧蚀等技术问题方面,积累了丰富经验。对于在高空工作的发动机具有现实参考意义。

Since 1984, the apogee kick motors series developed in China have taken part in 9 times of the satellite launching missions, all of which were successful and showed very high reliability and advanced performance level. Their altitude specific impulse reaches 2834N·s/kg and mass ratio 0.895. The paper presents the characteristics, technical level and some main development experiences for the apogee kick motors. For example, the application of HTPB propellant, glass fiber wound case and C/C composite throat insert are proved to be a good technical choice. The rich experiences accumlated in many technical areas during development are still very valuable for today's high altitude motor research, such as the predication and measurement of altitude specific impulse, development of resin matrix for glass fiber wound case, technique of high altitude firing and safeandarm device and the prevention of ablation resulted from motor spinning.