麦茬管理对夏玉米幼苗生长及产量的影响

Influences of different managements of winter wheat residues on seedling growth and grain yield of summer corn.

试验研究麦茬在不同处理条件下(烧茬、低茬、低茬覆盖和高茬覆盖)对夏玉米“农大108”幼苗生长及产量的影响结果表明,麦秸覆盖促进玉米幼苗根系发育,但焚烧麦茬对其产生抑制。幼苗前期麦秸覆盖对株高的影响不明显,而后期明显促进,但株高受留茬高度的影响最大,焚烧麦秸抑制了株高生长。幼苗(23d龄内)新展叶叶绿素含量均以烧茬处理最高、高茬覆盖处理最低,出苗23d后麦秸覆盖玉米叶片叶绿素含量显著提高,低茬覆盖尤为显著。高茬覆盖、低茬和烧茬籽粒产量差异不明显,低茬覆盖籽粒产量最高(10.68t/hm^2),比其他处理提高9.65％,差异显著。麦秸覆盖尤其是低茬覆盖夏玉米生物量大、抗倒伏、穗粒重高、农事操作方便,有较大推广价值。

With mid-late maturity maize cultivar 'Nongda 108',the experiment including four management ways of winter wheat such as burned,low wheat stubble (20cm high) with mulched (amount of 4350 kg/hm2 ),high stubble (40cm high) with mulched (2460kg/hm2) and low stubble (CK) was carried out.The results show that wheat straw mulched back in maize field can promote seedling root growing while straw burned to the ground inhibit it;in terms of stem growth,the cutting height of winter wheat stubble heavily influences it as well as burned;leaf chlorophyll content of burned is the highest while that of high with mulched is the lowest from maize emergence to 23 days old,from then on,mulched,especially the low with mulched,dramatically increases leaf chlorophyll content.There is no difference between low stubble,burned,and high with mulched in grain yield.Low with mulched acquires the highest grain yield of 10.68 t/hm and is significantly different from the other treatments.