旱作小麦地膜覆盖生态效应研究

Research on ecological effect of wheat with plastic film in dry land.

旱作小麦实行地膜覆盖栽培保水效应明显,其中以膜侧沟播聚水保墒效果最佳,越冬期和拔节期可分别提高土壤含水量2.1％和1.6％。冬小麦地膜覆盖增温效应主要表现在冬前,尤以播后一段时间最为明显,可增加有效积温160℃,膜上穴播优于膜侧沟播,土壤微生物数量随地膜覆盖显著增多,其中膜侧沟播增加最多。地膜小麦生长好,产量高,可充分利用土壤养分,且膜侧沟播模式表现最佳,其全N累积量达166.5kg/hm^2,全P累积量达22.1kg/hm^2。

The mulched planting technique with plastic film has a high ecological effect.It can increase soil water storage capacity in arid land.In comparison with different tillage systems,it is more effective on soil moisture content than the method of furrow drilling beside plastic film,the water content increases by 2.1 % in wintering and 1.6% in shooting; it has more effects on the increase of soil temperature before winter while using hole seeding on plastic film,the total temperature increases by 16013 and the quantity of soil microbe increases.In treatment of furrow drilling beside plastic film,the soil microbe can be increased in varying degrees,the wheat yield and utilization efficiency of nutrient can be improved,in which the high capacity of total N can reach 166.5kg/hm and the total P can reach 22.1kg/hm.