杀虫剂环境风险评价工作的进展与探讨

Progress and Discussion on Pesticide Risk Assessment

杀虫剂使用量大、使用范围广 ,对生态环境影响深刻。其种类繁多、特性各异 ,毒理性质、物化性质及残留降解性能均与健康风险和生态风险密切相关 ,用一般的风险方法评价难以涵盖其危害的方方面面 ,因此 ,杀虫剂环境风险评价是一项重要而紧迫的课题。本文从理论、方法及实际工作等方面介绍了国内外杀虫剂环境风险评价的进展情况 ,分析了其特点和存在的问题 ,提出了构建杀虫剂环境风险评价整体框架的设想 ,以便通过环境风险评价追踪和预测杀虫剂对人群健康和生态系统结构与功能的潜在影响 。

Pesticide affects the environment deeply with its abundant usage and wide used area.It is difficult to assess its harm comprehensively with general risk assessment methods since its kinds and characteristics are various,its toxicity,phisical and chemical character,and degradation are relative closely to healthy and ecosystem risk.Pesticide risk assessment is an urgent and crucial task.This paper introduced the development of study in the field at home and abroad including theory,methods and practical works.The assumption of founding system of the pesticide risk assessment was provided as well,through which to trace and forecast the potential effect on human health and structure and function of ecosystem,thus prevent and control the harm caused by pesticide.