环境砷污染区人群健康危害经济损失分析

Estimation of Economic Loss of Pollution-Attributable Health Impact in an Arsenic Contaminative Area

目的 探索对环境污染所致的健康危害经济损失分析的实用方法,评价当地环境砷污染的人群健康危害经济损失。方法 以人群健康调查资料为基础,通过补充收集1995年当地的人口数、国民经济净产值、年度个人收入、人群年度急性病发病率、因病缺勤和陪护情况、慢性病患病率、1985-1995年当地人群年龄别死亡率和人口数,结合简易寿命表,选择了3个可量化的指标,估算了环境砷污染区人群健康危害经济损失。结果 以1995年当地GDP和人均收入计算,砷污染区人群归因砷污染的经济损失为:(1)污染区劳动人群减寿对当地GDP损失为50.52元/(人·a),个人收入损失43.71元/(人·a);(2)与对照人群相比,污染区人群平均每年多支出医疗费56.30元/(人·a);(3)砷污染区劳动年龄人群健康生活日损失对GDP的损失为74.14元/(人·a),对劳动者个人收入损失为64.23元/(人·a)。三项经济损失之和:国家经济损失为180.96元/(人·a);个人经济损失(包括多支医疗费用)164.27元/(人·a)。结论该方法基本可用于估算环境污染健康危害的经济损失。

Objective To explore a practicable method for analyzing the cost losses of residents' health impact induced by environmental pollution and evaluate the cost losses of local residents' health impact in arsenic contaminative area. Methods The data on residents' health were obtained in an arsenic polluted area as the basis analysis of economic loss. Additionally, the data on the sizes of local population, GDP, the annual personal income, the annual prevalence of acute diseases, absence due to sickness and patients' nursing care, the annual prevalence of chronic diseases in 1985. Local residents' age specific death rates and sizes of population in 1985-1995 were collected also. 3 mumerable indexes were screened for estimating the cost losses of residents' a health impact in arsenic contaminative area based on the data mentioned above and combined with abridged life table. Results Based on the calculated GDP and personal average income in 1995, the cost losses of residents due to arsenic pollution consisted of 3 sections: the first included GDP losses of 50.52 yuan/(person-year) and personal income loss of 43.71 yuan/(person-year) attributed to the reduced life expretancy of the residents living in arsenic-polluted area. The second was an excess of the annual medical expenditure of 56.30 yuan/(person-year) for residents living in arsenic-polluted area compared with that of control group. The third included GDP loss of 74.14 yuan/(person-year) and income loss of 64.23 yuan/(person' year) attributed to the health life days of residents in arsenic-polluted area during the period of number of working years. The total economic loss of 3 section mentioned above make the total GDP reduction of about 180.96 yuan/(person-year) and average income loss of about 164.27 yuan/(person-year) including excessive medical costs. Conclusion The analytical method could be applied to the estimation of economic loss of environmental pollution-attributable health impact.