植物挥发性物质对落叶松球果花蝇的驱避效果

The repellency effects of plant volatiles to Strobilomyia spp. damaging larch cones

为研究外源植物挥发性物质对落叶松球果花蝇 ( Strobilomyia spp.)对寄主定位的干扰作用 ,在哈尔滨市和大兴安岭加格达奇兴安落叶松 ( Larix gmelinii)种子园 ,用松节油、樟脑、丁香油进行了室内生测和林间喷施试验。在室内 ,球果花蝇对 1 %松节油的反应率为 94.2 3% ,与 1 %丁香油、3%松节油、2 %丁香油相比差异显著 ;对 1 %樟脑的反应率为 87.92 %。球果花蝇对 2 %丁香油的反应率最低 ,仅为 1 6.30 %。在室内及林间 ,1 %松节油及 1 %樟脑对球果花蝇都表现为驱避作用。 1 %松节油及其对照对球果花蝇的驱避效果最好 ,平均每果虫数较清水对照的 3.5 1分别降低了 2 .85和 2 .66,使球果被害率降低了 5 7.0 %和46.2 % ,种子被害率分别降低了 2 4 .7%和 2 7.7%。其次是 1 %樟脑及其对照 ,每果虫数较清水对照降低了1 .83和 1 .44个 ,球果被害率分别降低了 9.0 %和 30 .7% ,种子被害率分别下降了 1 2 .2 %和 2 6.9%。 1 %丁香油对花蝇在室内表现为诱引作用 ,在林间表现为驱避作用。在喷施 3种挥发性物质及其对照后 ,各个处理的球果挥发性物质主要组分的总量都较清水对照增加 ,各处理的 α-蒎烯相对含量较清水对照大幅度降低 ,降低幅度在 1 3.5 6%～ 2 4 .83%之间 ;各处理的β-罗勒烯都有不同程度的增加。β-蒎?

Strobilomyia spp. (Diptera:Anthomyiidae) are the most serious pests damaging larch cones and seeds in northeastern China. In order to better understand the effects of plant volatiles on larch cone flies, Strobilomyia spp.;turpentine, camphor, and syringa balsam of various concentrations were evaluated both in the laboratory and field test as respellent for larch cone flies.The field test was carried out in the seed orchard of Dahurian larch,Larix gmelinii, located in Jiagedaqi, Daxing'an Mountain in northeasten China. The cone flies used for the laboratory test were collected in the same seed orchard. ; Larch cone flies showed active response to 1% turpentine, camphor and syringa balsam with mean response rates of 94.23%, 87.92% and 79.33% respectively. 1% turpentine and camphor demonstrated a significant repellency effect both in the laboratory and filed spraying test with the best result achieved by 1% turpentine compared to control spraying with water. Compared to the mean value of 3.51 larvae per cone by control spraying with water, the mean larva numbers per cone were reduced by 2.85 and 1.83 respectively by spraying 1% turpentine and camphor. The larch cone damage rates reduced by 57.0% and 9.0% respectively after spraying 1% turpentine and camphor, and 24.7% and 12.2% for seed damage. However, 1% syringa balsam showed attractiveness to larch cone flies in the laboratory, some repellency effect in field spraying test with the results that the mean larva numbers per cone reduced by 0.78, while the larch cone and seed damage rates were a little bit higher compared to control spraying with water. 3% turpentine and 2% syringa balsam showed no repellent or attrative effects to larch cone flies in the laboratory.; For larch cone valotiles, α-pinene, β-pinene, β-ocimene, laurene, 3-carene and β-phenllandrene are the main components, of which the relative contents changed after the spraying treatments with the results that the relative contents of α-pinene decreased by 13.56% to 24.83% compared to the control spraying with water while the relative contents of β-ocimene increased, depending on different spraying treatments. β-pinene, laurene, 3-carene and β-phenllandrene contents increased or decreased depending on spraying treatments. The total relative contents of the 6 main components increased after spraying 1% turpentine, camphor and syringa balsam compared to the control spraying with water.