摘要
This paper suggests a principle to find a unitary operator U which transforms non-physical quantity,zero-potential Hamiltonian Ho, into true physical quantity UHoU+ for a charged particle in classical electromagneticfield, and puts forward a unified form of constructing gauge-independent transition probabilities in this case. Differentmethods correspond to different unitary operators which satisfy the above-mentioned principle.
This paper suggests a principle to find a unitary operator U which transforms non-physical quantity, zero-potential Hamiltonian H<SUB>0</SUB>, into true physical quantity UH<SUB>0</SUB>U<SUP>?</SUP> for a charged particle in classical electromagnetic field, and puts forward a unified form of constructing gauge-independent transition probabilities in this case. Different methods correspond to different unitary operators which satisfy the above-mentioned principle.
关键词
电磁场
带电粒子
跃迁几率
规范不变性
gauge invariance
true physical quantity and nonphysical quantity
gauge independent transition probability