中国西部山地可持续发展的一些思考

Sustainable Mountain Development in West China: Some Emerging Issues

世纪之交中国重大发展战略的标志之一是西部大开发,西部的地理位置、区位条件、环境现状、国际关系及人文环境等决定了西部大开发在国家安全、环境保护、可持续发展战略的实施、民族团结、综合国力的提高等方面的重要意义,也是历史的必然。西部是以山地为其基本特征的,因此山地的可持续发展在西部的开发占有重要地位。西部山地的可持续发展应该考虑下列问题:1)西部是丰富的资源与贫困的现实的矛盾体,西部地区的资源在过去主要用于国家的发展和建设,但未能得到应有的回报,因此,应该制定相应的政策,使西部地区得到过去所作贡献应有的回报;另一方面,西部地区现在和将来主要作为我国可持续发展的生态屏障,为了东西部地区的共同发展,应该制定相应的政策,使受到生态屏障服务的地区支付应有的费用,用于西部地区生态建设投资,以使我国更好、更快地走上可持续发展道路;2)在西部的可持续发展中,水土流失问题是一个重要的切入口,而水土流失能否有效治理,与坡耕地和荒山荒坡的水土流失的治理技术密切相关,在这方面等高固氮植物篱技术是一个重要的技术;3)随着基础设施的日益改善,经济全球化的发展,西部多样性的自然资源应该得到更充分合理的应用和开发,粮食生产并不一定是山区最恰当的出路,应大力发展真正意义上的特?

One of the most profound development strategies in China in the 21st century is characterized by the program of 'Development of West China', which consists mainly of infrastructure development and poverty alleviation programs in 11 provinces of west and central China Due mainly to its geographical location the West China has been somewhat overlooked in the past Poverty and environmental degradation are common in West China West China has instead contributed considerably to economic development in East China through state planned exploitation of natural resources Most resources, both fossil and renewable natural resources, have been used for economic development of the whole country,especially the East China, with little benefits to the West China With good economic development of East China and enhancement of overall national economy, it is time for development of West China There have been many discussions about various issues in development of West China but the present paper will be mainly concentrated in some issues that have been overlooked or less discussed Since mountains, hills and plateaus accounts for more than 90% of the West China, sustainable development of West China is basically sustainable mountain development For sustainable mountain development in West China, the following should be taken into consideration (1) West China is an inconsistent mixture of rich natural resources and prominent poverty West China has contributed greatly to development of overall national economy through providing resources in the past and will continue to contribute to sustainable development of the whole country through providing grand environmental services from now on Government policy is therefore needed for the areas that have been benefited in the past and will benefit in the future from the west region to pay for the benefits received in the past and services to be received in the future This is particularly important from now on for environmental conservation and improvement in both west and east China(2) Soil erosion is one of the root causes for poverty in the west region and plays a key role in environmental conservation and economic development in the west region Since soil loss from cultivation of sloping cropland contributed around 70% of sediments in rivers, sustainable management of sloping cropland plays an important role in soil conservation and environmental conservation Contour hedgerow intercropping technology has proved to be a viable technology for farming sloping cropland with well control of soil erosion but government support is greatly needed to encourage farmers to adopt it (3) Fast improvement in infrastructure in the west region and globalization make it possible for more effective and rational use of natural resources in west region Food crops may not be the best option for mountains Development of nichebased crops should be highly promoted (4) In development of nichebased crops in the region, it is very important to first understand a specific area about what the advantages and disadvantages are Blindfold introduction of exotic crops should be minimized Promotion of local germplasms is very much needed and significative (5) Global change is a proved reality but has not yet been taken into crop breeding Almost all the crop breeding has been carried out within the current environmental, especially climatic background Efforts should be made to breed crop varieties that can suit increased temperature in the future