山西关帝山森林上限附近植被的性质与空间格局

Characteristics and Spatial Patterns of Vegetation on the Upper Forest Boundary on Mt. Guandi, Shanxi Province

山西关帝山是中国暖温带落叶阔叶林区域第四高峰,对气候指标的推算表明,关帝山主峰孝文山接近气候意义的林线,对其森林上限附近植被空间格局和性质的分析有助于认识中国东部暖温带高山林线的形成机制。通过野外调查和植被数量分析,探讨了关帝山森林上限附近植物群落的类型、植物群落与环境的关系、植物种类多样性的梯度、植被的性质等理论问题,初步得出:(1)气候和地形条件共同决定关帝山森林上限附近的植被格局;(2)对植被性质的分析表明,关帝山山顶植被为亚高山灌丛和亚高山草甸,不具备高山带的性质,验证了根据气候数据进行的推断;(3)关帝山森林上限附近植物物种多样性随海拔增加而上升,不同于暖温带具有高山带的山地。

Mt. Guandi is the fourth highest mountain on the temperate deciduous broadleaved forest region in China. It is speculated that Xiaowen Summit, the highest peak on Mt Guandi, is close to the climatically controlled timberline, by a calculation of climatic parameters. The analyses of characteristics and spatial pattern of vegetation on the upper boundary of forests on Mt. Guandi is thus helpful for understanding the formation of alpine timberline on the temperate region in eastern China. After field survey and quantitative analysis, the plant community types, plant communityenvironment relationships, gradients of plant species diversity, and characteristics of vegetation are discussed, following preliminary conclusions can be drawn: (1) the vegetation pattern on the upper forest boundary is controlled by both climate and topography conditions; (2) Vegetation on the summit of Mt. Guandi belongs to subalpine meadow and subalpine scrubs; (3) The plant species diversity on the upper forest boundary on Mt. Guandi increases with the uplift of elevation, which is different from mountains with alpine zone on temperate China.