生化研究的策略与技术发展

The Development of Strategies and Technologies forBiochemical Research

生物化学是研究活细胞及有机体内各种分子及其相互间化学反应的科学,即研究生命的分子基础.细胞是生物体的基本结构和功能单位,机体的众多化学反应都在细胞内进行,所以生物化学又被定义为研究活细胞的化学组成及相互反应和进程的科学,即"生命的化学".其实它涉及了细胞生物学、分子生物学和分子遗传学等几个大的学科领域.所以,生化研究的策略和技术发展对生命科学研究特别重要.由于有关生物医学科学的相互渗透以及生化与分子生物学技术的飞速进展,近两个世纪内(1780～1970年)生物化学的发展历经了从叙述生化进入功能或分子生化的阶段.在不久的将来,许多生命科学的关键问题将在分子机制和基因水平的基础上获得解决.

Biochemistry is a science in which various molecules within the living cells and organisms as well as their mutual chemical reactions are studied,namely the molecular basis of life is explored.The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of living organism,a majority of its chemical reactions proceeds in the cells.Therefore,consideration of this concept leads to a definition of biochemistry as the life science dealing with the chemical constitution,interactions and processes of living cells,i.e.'chemistry of life'.In fact,some aspects from several large scopes of cell biology,molecular biology and molecular genetics are involved in biochemistry.To develop strategies and technologies of biochemical research is especially important for investigation of life sciences.Owing to the mutual penetration of related biomedical sciences and rapid progress of biochemical and molecular biological technologies,development of biochemistry has undergone from descriptive stage to functional or molecular stage within recent two centuries (1780～1970).Many crucial problems of life science will be solved on the basis of molecular mechanism and genelevel in the near future.