小地老虎食诱剂糖醋酒液配方筛选及发酵增效作用

Formulation screening of sugar-acetic acid-ethanol-water solutions as food attractant for the black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and enhancing their activity by fermentation

【目的】为筛选和规范诱集小地老虎Agrotis ipsilon成虫的最佳糖醋酒液配方及最佳发酵时间,确定发酵液中的挥发物成分。【方法】优选以单一纯物质糖、醋、酒和水进行混配的配方A, B, C和D,其配比分别为蔗糖(g)∶乙酸(mL)∶无水乙醇(mL)∶纯水(mL)(m/v/v/v)=3∶1∶3∶80, 3∶1∶3∶160, 3∶1∶6∶80和1∶1∶3∶80及常见配方E[白糖(g)∶白醋(mL)∶白酒(mL)∶自来水(mL)=6∶3∶1∶10(m/v/v/v)],分别并采用Y型嗅觉仪及GC-MS测试和分析小地老虎成虫对发酵1～15 d后的糖醋酒液的趋性及发酵液中的挥发物成分。【结果】趋性试验结果表明,糖醋酒液B配方对小地老虎诱集效果显著优于A, C, D和E配方,C配方次之。小地老虎成虫对B和C这两种配方发酵8 d发酵液的选择反应率均显著高于对未发酵及发酵5 d和7 d外的其他发酵时间发酵液的选择反应率。挥发物成分组成分析结果显示,糖醋酒液B配方发酵8 d发酵液的挥发物共有41种化合物,主要包括17种烃类化合物、8种醛类化合物、2种酮类化合物、4种醇类化合物、5种酯类化合物和5种醚类化合物。而且发酵8 d的糖醋酒液B配方与其未发酵以及发酵4 d和发酵12 d的糖醋酒液B配方之间的挥发物成分差异较大。【结论】优选并明确单一物质糖、醋、酒和水进行混配的小地老虎食诱剂配方(3∶1∶3∶160, m/v/v/v),其糖醋酒液通过发酵可以产生增效作用,最佳发酵时间为8 d。

【Aim】This study aims to screen the optimal formulation and fermentation duration of sugar-acetic acid-ethanol-water solutions used to trap Agrotis ipsilon adults and to identify active volatile components from fermentation solutions.【Methods】Sucrose,acetic acid,ethanol and purified water were mixed together in different ratios,i.e.,3∶1∶3∶80,3∶1∶3∶160,3∶1∶6∶80 and 1∶1∶3∶80(m/v/v/v)as solutions A,B,C and D,respectively,and sugar,white vinegar,liquor and tap water were mixed in the ratio of 6∶3∶1∶10(m/v/v/v)as the solution E(the commonly used formulation),the taxis of A.ipsilon adults to the fermented sugar-acetic acid-ethanol-water solutions was tested using Y-tube olfactometer,and the components of volatile compounds from the solutions fermented for 1-15 d were analyzed with GC-MS.【Results】The taxis test results showed that the solution B showed significantly higher attractiveness to A.ipsilon adults than the solutions A,C,D and E,and the solution C followed.The solutions B and C fermented for 8 d showed significantly higher attractiveness to A.ipsilon adults than the unfermented solution and the solutions B and C fermented for other duration except 5 d and 7 d.In total,41 compounds including 17 diolefines,8 aldehydes,2 ketones,4 alcohols,5 esters and 5 ethers were identified in the solution B fermented for 8 d.Moreover,the volatile components of the solution B fermented for 8 d were significantly different from those of the unfermented solution and the solution B fermented for 4 d and 12 d.【Conclusion】In this study we screened the optimal formulation(3∶1∶3∶160,m/v/v/v)of single component sugar-acetic acid-ethanol-water solution used to trap A.ipsilon adults and proved that their activities can be enhanced by fermentation with the optimal fermentation duration of 8 d.