作物节水灌溉需水规律研究

Study on the Water Requirement Rules of Crops Under Water Saving Irrigation

基于节水灌溉条件下作物需水量试验资料,分析了控制灌溉和覆膜旱作节水灌溉的水稻需求规律以及节水高效灌溉模式下冬小麦、夏玉米和棉花作物的需水规律。结果表明,节水灌溉模式通过对水稻、冬小麦、夏玉米和棉花等作物产生的生长调控作用与补偿生长效应,使植株蒸腾量和棵间蒸发量较大幅度减少,各阶段需水量、需水强度和需水模系数均发生显著变化,形成了节水灌溉模式的主要农作物新的需水规律。可为节水灌溉制度的制定、节水型灌区动态配水及灌溉预报等提供科学依据。

Based on the experimental data of the crop water requirement under water-saving irrigation, the water requirement of rice under controled irrigation and water-saving irrigation of plastic film mulched dryland , and winter wheat, summer corn and cotton under high-efficient and water-saving irrigation model are analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the evapotranspiration of crop reduced by a wide margin , the water requirement, requirement intensity and coefficient of every stage all changed greatly for the growth regulating function and compensating 'effect to crop of water-saving irrigation model. Thus, the new water requirement rules of the main crops under water-saving irrigation are formed. It also provides scientific basis for making water-saving plan, the dynamic distribution and the irrigation prediction of the water-saving irrigation district.