法律负面清单的理论构造——以中国(上海)自由贸易试验区为核心

Theoretical Framework of Negative List of Law:A Case Study of China(Shanghai) Free Trade Zone

为配合中央提出的"准入前国民待遇+负面清单"管理模式,中国(上海)自由贸易试验区以负面清单作为外资的市场准入禁区,但是负面清单本身法律地位并不明确,致其产生法律效力漏洞。现阶段通过全国人大常委会授权方式排除某些法律法规在自贸区内的适用,以与负面清单相配套,但是这一做法逻辑上无法自洽、法理上无法证成。因此有必要构造法律负面清单的理论,以适应当下的迫切需求,关键是明确有权在自贸区排除法律法规适用的主体,健全法律法规排除适用的法律负面清单,并积极探索国际协定(比如FTA)对负面清单、法律负面清单的功能导向价值。

In line with the management model of 'national treatment before admission plus negative list' proposed by the central government,China(Shanghai) free trade zone takes the negative list as restricted market access of the foreign investment,but the legal status of the negative list itself is not clear,causing law loopholes.It is not logically self-consistent or legally justified for the NPC Standing Committee to exclude certain laws and regulations in the free trade zone to match the negative list.So it is necessary to construct a theory of the negative list of law to accommodate the urgent needs of the moment.Who has the right to exclude the application of law in the free trade zone should be expressly defined,and the negative list of law by which the government makes the exclusion decisions should be improved.And also we should actively explore the function-oriented value of international agreements(such as FTA)to the negative list and it of law.