miRNA在胆固醇逆向转运中的作用研究进展

Advancesprogress on the role of miRNA in reverse cholesterol transport

胆固醇逆向转运(RCT)是体内清除胆固醇的唯一机制,对维持体内胆固醇稳态具有积极意义。miRNA是具有转录后调节基因表达能力的非编码RNA。现已在人体中鉴定出数百种miRNA,它们几乎参与所有过程的调节,包括胆固醇转运、新陈代谢和维持胆固醇稳态。由于它们的尺寸较小,并且能够特异性调节基因表达,因此miRNA逐渐成为调节血脂异常和其他脂质相关疾病的靶标。本文概述了可调节RCT的miRNA,主要包括miR-33、miR-19b、miR-144-3p、miR-223、miR-378等,重点介绍这些miRNA调节胆固醇代谢的机制,为防治动脉粥样硬化提供新思路。

Reverse cholesterol transport( RCT) is the only mechanism that clears cholesterol in the body and has positive significance for maintaining cholesterol homeostasis in vivo. MicroRNA( miRNA) is non-coding RNA that has the ability to transcriptionally regulate gene expression. Hundreds of miRNA have been identified in humans and they are involved in the regulation of almost all processes,including cholesterol transport,metabolism,and maintenance of cholesterol homeostasis. Due to their small size and the ability to specifically regulate gene expression,miRNA has gradually become targets for the regulation of dyslipidemia and other lipid related diseases. This article reviews the miRNA that mediate RCT,including miR-33,miR-19 b,miR-144-3 p,miR-223,and miR-378. The summary of how miRNA modulates cholesterol metabolism provides new ideas for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.