机械力化学技术研究进展

Development of Mechanochemical Process

金属和无机非金属粉末在高能球磨过程中受到强烈的机械力作用 ,组织不断细加、内部缺陷不断增加 ,导致材料体系自由能大幅度提高 ,在球与粉末颗粒碰撞的瞬间可以诱发固 固、固 液和固 气态化学反应。利用这种工艺被称之为机械力化学 ,可广泛用于制备纳米晶材料、复合纳米材料、纳米粒子、弥散强化材料、高分子聚合物以及进行矿物、废物处理和金属精炼。深入讨论了机械力化学过程的原理、特点及其应用。

The metallic and inorganic powder particles were heavily deformed during high energy milling treatment, that results in finer microstructure and increased defects. The free energy of the milled powders was elevated to a high level, which means that the powders are high active. Solid to solid, solid to liquid and solid to gas chemical reactions can be activated by the instant collision between the ball and the powder particles. The process is commonly called mechanochemical process(MCP) and were widely used to synthesis nanometric grain materials, nanometric composite, nanoparticles, dispersion strengthened materials, macromolecule and to process mineral, waste and to refine metals. The principle and characteristics of MCP and its application are reviewed.